Different types Ionization chamber: late 1800 discrete charges, no multiplication Cloud chamber: 1920s~1950s Bubble chamber: 1952, Donald A. Glaser Spark chamber: 1930s~1960s Proportional counter output is proportional to the radiation energy Wire chamber (multi-wire proportional chamber, MWPC): 1968, Georges Charpak,
Proton Beam and Muon Source Overview
Overview Laboratory Proton beam power Time structure muon yield per proton beam power Available muon intensity ISIS 800 MeV, 0.2 MW, 250uA Pulse 50 Hz 3 mu/sec/W 6×10^5 mu/sec Fermilab 8 GeV, 23 kW, 2.88 uA Pulse 0.6 MHz 3.4×10^6